
Here is how siman 605 in the Shulhan Arukh Orah Hayyim appeared in the 1565 Venice edition (courtesy of JNUL).
and a modern edition, about 100 years old (courtesy of hebrewbooks.org):

As you can see, sometime after 1565 the designation of kapparos as a מנהג של שטות disappeared from the standard printed editions. I did not do any comprehensive research, but I understand that this change actually occurred in the 1570s, in an early Ashkenazic edition which included the addition of the Rema.