Mishna Sotah 3:3
First, it should be noted that in a technical sense the Artscroll translation is correct. A reasonable translation of "פרושין" is "ascetics."
Here's the first definition given by the Oxford English Dictionary for "Pharisee":
; והוא היה אומר, חסיד שוטה, רשע ערום, אישה פרושה, מכות פרושים--הרי אלו מבלי עולםSoncino Talmud translation:
HE USED TO SAY, A FOOLISH PIETIST, A CUNNING ROGUE, A FEMALE PHARISEE, AND THE PLAGUE OF PHARISEES BRING DESTRUCTION UPON THE WORLD.Artscroll Schottenstein Talmud translation:
He used to say: A foolish pietist, a cunning evildoer, an ascetic woman and the wounds of the ascetics these are the ruiners of the world.Gemara Sotah 22B
ומכות פרושין וכו': ת"ר שבעה פרושין הן פרוש שיכמי פרוש נקפי פרוש קיזאי פרוש מדוכיא פרוש מה חובתי ואעשנה פרוש מאהבה פרוש מיראהSoncino Talmud translation:
AND THE PLAGUE OF PHARISEES etc. Our Rabbis have taught: There are seven types of Pharisees: the shikmi Pharisee, the nikpi Pharisee, the kizai Pharisee, the 'pestle' Pharisee, the Pharisee [who constantly exclaims] 'What is my duty that I may perform it?', the Pharisee from love [of God] and the Pharisee from fear.Artscroll Schottenstein Talmud translation:
AND THE WOUNDS OF THE ASCETICS etc. [are ruiners of the world]. The Rabbis taught in a Baraisa: THERE ARE SEVEN types of insincere ASCETICS: A SHECHEMITE ASCETIC, A KNOCKING ASCETIC, A BLOODLETTING ASCETIC, A PESTLE ASCETIC, A "WHAT IS MY OBLIGATION AND I WILL DO IT" ASCETIC, AN ASCETIC OUT OF LOVE of reward AND AN ASCETIC OUT OF FEAR of punishment.As you can plainly see, something's goin' on here. What's peshat, Pharisees? Ascetics? What does the Mishna or the Gemara mean by "פרושין"?
First, it should be noted that in a technical sense the Artscroll translation is correct. A reasonable translation of "פרושין" is "ascetics."
Here's the first definition given by the Oxford English Dictionary for "Pharisee":
1. A member of a religious party within Judaism between the second cent. B.C. and New Testament times, distinguished by its rigorous interpretation and observance of the written Mosaic law as well as the traditions of the elders.And here is its etymology (skipping some steps that are irrelevent here):
Aramaicprayy , emphatic plural ofpr separatist (lit. ‘separated’), cognate with Hebrewpr separatist, seceder, Pharisee (lit. ‘abstemious, self-denying’